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Wabak Ebola: Apakah Itu?

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By Syazni Rahim

 



Pengenalan Ebola


Ebola  adalah sejenis virus  dari genus Ebolavirus , familia Filoviridae , dan juga nama dari penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus tersebut. Ianya dijumpai pada tahun 1976, di Sungai Ebola, di Kongo. Kebanyakan kes adalah berlaku di Barat Afrika terutamanya di Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, dan Nigeria.


Cara berjangkit

Ianya berjangkit apabila badan kita terkena dengan cecair orang atau haiwan yang dijangkiti virus ini. Cecair badan termasuklah air liur, najis, air kencing, dan darah. Haiwan yang biasa terkena ebola ialah dari jenis primat iaitu seperti monyet.


Masa Inkubasi

Masa inkubasi adalah daripada tempoh 2 hari hingga 3minggu. Ini bermakna, apabila seseorang terdedah kepada virus ini, seseorang akan hanya mendapat gejala-gejala bermula daripada 2 hari hingga ke 3 minggu.


Gejala-gejala yang timbul

Virus Ebola adalah sangat virulen, bermaksud boleh menyebabkan kadar kematian yang tinggi jika dijangkiti. Antara gejala- gejala yang timbul ialah bermula dengan sakit-sakit badan, rasa lesu. Kemudian pesakit akan mula demam. Ianya berlaku dengan cepat. Sebagai contoh jika rasa sakit-sakit badan pada waktu pagi, pada waktu petang pesakit akan mula mendapat demam, batuk-batuk, cirit-birit dan muntah dan ruam-ruam di badan.




Pengesanan awal
Penyakit ini agak sukar untuk dibezakan dengan penyakit-penyakit lain, kerana gejalanya adalah sama seperti penyakit lain yang agak biasa seperti jangkitan demam selsema, pneumonia, denggi, dan malaria.
Perkara yang membezakan ialah sejarah pernah melawat tempat-tempat yang berlaku wabak Ebola. Sampel darah akan diambil dan akan diuji di Makmal Kesihatan Awam untuk mengesahkan penyakit ini.


Langkah-langkah pencegahan

Berdasarkan maklumat sedia ada dan daripada pihak WHO (World Health Organization), National Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre (CPRC) telah membuat analisa risiko ke atas kemungkinan penularan wabak ini di Malaysia masih lagi rendah jika dibandingkan di Afrika Barat. Setakat ini, tiada kes ebola yang dilaporkan di Malaysia.

Jika anda pernah melawat kawasan-kawasan yang diserang wabak ebola ini, sila laporkan di pintu masuk Imegresen. Jika anda mendapat gejala-gejala ini, silalah segera ke klinik kesihatan atau hospital berhampiran.

Setakat ini, belum ada ubat atau vaksin yang boleh mencegah penyakit ini.
Maklumat lanjut boleh didapati di laman sesawang Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, www.moh.gov.my  dan Facebook CPRC.

Sumber: Emel dari Nur Asyhraff Mohd Noor, UiTM.


Bersamalah kita berdoa agar dihindari dari penyakit..


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